The Special Issue on 'Advances in Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Dynamic Network Traffic' that has been originated within the activities of the 19th EURO Working Group on Transportation - EWGT2016 Meeting held at the Technical University of Istanbul has been published at the Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologiesjournal. The Special Issue provides a synthesis of high-quality papers with novel contributions and breaking results on theoretical and applied studies in network traffic simulation and optimization given the needs for the need for the efficient modeling, simulation and optimization of dynamic network traffic with reasonable computation load in today’s context.